Response to Comment on “Conventional B2 B Cell Depletion Ameliorates whereas Its Adoptive Transfer Aggravates Atherosclerosis”

Aggravates Atherosclerosis Ameliorates whereas Its Adoptive Transfer Conventional B2 B Cell Depletion

Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells reactive to modified low-density lipoprotein aggravates atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is associated with immune responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The presence of activated macrophages and T cells in lesions suggests that cell-mediated immune reactions are taking place during the disease process. However, the role of specific immune responses has remained unclear. We have previously shown that transfer of CD4+ T cells from apolipopro...

Characterization of the natural killer T-cell response in an adoptive transfer model of atherosclerosis.

Natural killer T (NKT) cells have recently been implicated in atherogenesis, primarily for their ability to recognize and respond to lipid antigens. Because the atherosclerotic lesion is characterized by the retention and modification of lipids in the vascular wall, NKT cells may be involved in promoting the local vascular inflammatory response. Here, we investigate the proatherogenic role of N...

Adoptive transfer of apoptotic splenocytes worsens survival, whereas adoptive transfer of necrotic splenocytes improves survival in sepsis.

In sepsis, both necrotic and apoptotic cell death can occur. Apoptotic cells induce anergy that could impair the host response, whereas necrotic cells cause immune activation that might result in enhanced antimicrobial defenses. We determined whether adoptive transfer of apoptotic or necrotic cells impacted survival in a clinically relevant sepsis model. We also evaluated the effects of adoptiv...

B cell depletion reduces the development of atherosclerosis in mice

B cell depletion significantly reduces the burden of several immune-mediated diseases. However, B cell activation has been until now associated with a protection against atherosclerosis, suggesting that B cell-depleting therapies would enhance cardiovascular risk. We unexpectedly show that mature B cell depletion using a CD20-specific monoclonal antibody induces a significant reduction of ather...